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Fish and seafood from Indonesia

Pekasam ale-alepekasam ale-ale

Pekasam ale-ale is the flesh of the ale-ale clam (Meretrix meretrix) fermented with fine salt and a carbohydrate such as sugar, rice porridge or angkak. Traditionally it is left for three to seven days at room temperature. In a 2025 study the salted flesh was kept for weeks and judged best at 30 to 40 days.

Fully documentedFish and seafood33 days – 47 days

Recipe

Amounts from a sourceThe three test recipes of Nofiani et al. 2025, based on 1 kg of fresh clam flesh. Recipe A is the plain salt version; B and C add sugar and garlic powder. Traditional makers use rice porridge or angkak in place of sugar.
Fresh ale-ale flesh1 kgWashed in tap water to remove sand, then soaked about 10 hours until white and fluffy[nofiani2025]
Fine salt400 g[nofiani2025]
Granulated sugar200 gRecipes B and C only[nofiani2025]
Garlic powder55 g (recipe B) or 125 g (recipe C)Added to cut the fishy smell; recipe C scored best overall[nofiani2025]
Starterspontaneous

Total time across the recorded steps: 33 days – 47 days

Start
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Close-up: water moving into a fish

What changes: Washed clam flesh soaks until it turns white and fluffy

Step 1 of 4
Wash and soak the clam flesh
Time
10 h
Reported
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Lactic acid bacteria
Pediococcus
Enterococcus
Streptococcus
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented

Microbes at work in this step

Not documented for this step.

Method

Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source

At a glance

Pekasam ale-ale is the flesh of the ale-ale clam (Meretrix meretrix) fermented with fine salt and a carbohydrate such as sugar, rice porridge or angkak. Traditionally it is left for three to seven days at room temperature. In a 2025 study the salted flesh was kept for weeks and judged best at 30 to 40 days. Made in 4 steps over 33 days – 47 days. The longest step, mature and store (2025 study, recipe C), takes 30–40 days (Nofiani R 2025). Pediococcus and Enterococcus and Enterococcus, Pediococcus and Streptococcus dominant in the 2025 recipes do most of the fermenting.

Key numbers
Main step30–40 daysReported[nofiani2025]Mature and store (2025 study, recipe C)
AciditypH 3.9–5.4Measured[nofiani2025]Mature and store (2025 study, recipe C)

What makes this one different

Pekasam ale-ale uses clam meat instead of fish, and sugar, rice porridge or angkak instead of the roasted rice used in Malay fish pekasam. It is very heavily salted for its short traditional ferment.

Related ferments

Safety

In the 2025 study total volatile base nitrogen stayed below the 200 mg N/100 g limit the authors use for fermented fish in every recipe up to day 70 (highest 101.83 mg N/100 g, recipe C), and none of the bacteria it tested for was found (Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Enterobacteriaceae, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus). It did not test for Clostridium botulinum. The authors note that a pH below 5 inhibits most contaminating bacteria (Nofiani et al. 2025), but WHO says C. botulinum will not grow below pH 4.6, and it names fermented fish and homemade fermented foods as botulism sources. Recipe A reached pH 5.4 on day 40, so acid alone cannot be relied on here. These results cover only recipes with 400 g salt per kg of flesh; a lighter-salted batch kept at room temperature is untested.

History and sources

Every number is labelled with how it is known. How this atlas is made

Nofiani and colleagues (2025) cite an earlier description (Nofiani et al. 2010) of pekasam ale-ale as clam flesh fermented with salt and rice porridge or angkak for seven days at room temperature. The authors note that the traditional product has a fishy odour, by the Ketapang community's own account, and that its shelf life was unknown.

  1. [nofiani2025] Nofiani R., Nopianti, Ardiningsih P. 2025, Quality and shelf life assessment of modified pekasam ale-ale (Meretrix meretrix), Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 17(1):128–140, doi 10.20473/jipk.vi.55777paper
  2. [nofiani2022] Nofiani R., Sarwiyati, Ardiningsih P., Adhitiyawarman 2022, Characteristics of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional fermented fish, Biodiversitas 23:5662–5669 (abstract)paper
  3. [sofiana2020] Sofiana M.S.J., Warsidah, Idiawati N., Nurdiansyah S.I., Aritonang A.B., Rahmawati, Adhyanti, Fadly D. 2020, The activity of lactic acid bacteria from ale-ale (fermented clams) and cincalok (fermented shrimp) as antioxidant and antimicrobial, Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11(12):1676-1679 (abstract, read through the OpenAlex record)paper
  4. [who-botulism] World Health Organization, Botulism, fact sheetgov