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Bekasam is a freshwater fish product made by gutting and washing the fish, mixing it with salt and cooked, roasted or fermented rice (or tape), and keeping it in clay or plastic jars for days to weeks. Lactic acid bacteria are thought to sour it, leaving a soft, pale-grey fish with a dark, sticky, acid-smelling liquid.
Fully documentedFish and seafood4 days – 14 days
Recipe
Amounts from a sourceHusin et al. (2019) made a South Sumatran bekasam by mixing 1 kg of fish with 3 % salt and 250 g of rice. IPB describes traditional bekasam as small-scale household production and gives no amounts.
Freshwater fish, eviscerated and washed
Common carp is the traditional main raw material (IPB)[ipb]
Rice250 g per kg of fish in the study recipe of Husin et al.
Husin et al. do not say how the rice was cooked. IPB names cooked rice, roasted rice, fermented rice and tape as the carbohydrate source, and Narzary et al. list cooked rice and sticky rice for carp bekasam[ipb][husin2019][narzary2021]
Total time across the recorded steps: 4 days – 14 days
Start
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What changes:The fish are eviscerated and washed
Step 1 of 4
Gut and wash the fish
Time
Not documented
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Lactic acid bacteria
Output: cleaned fish.
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented
Microbes at work in this step
Not documented for this step.
Method
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
At a glance
Bekasam is a freshwater fish product made by gutting and washing the fish, mixing it with salt and cooked, roasted or fermented rice (or tape), and keeping it in clay or plastic jars for days to weeks. Lactic acid bacteria are thought to sour it, leaving a soft, pale-grey fish with a dark, sticky, acid-smelling liquid. Made in 4 steps over 4 days – 14 days. The longest step, ferment at room temperature, takes 4–14 days (IPB University 2017) and runs at 28–34 °C (Husin S 2019). Salt is 3 % (Husin S 2019). Lactic acid bacteria, suspected to play the role in common carp bekasam and Lactobacillus sp., isolated from bekasam of South Sumatra do most of the fermenting.
Carp bekasamCommon carp, the traditional main raw material, with salt and rice or tape, fermented about 4–10 days (IPB).
Wadi (Central Kalimantan)The Central Kalimantan name for bekasam (IPB).
Safety
IPB says little is known about the microbiology of bekasam because it is made on a small scale in households, and that the finished product has a low pH. Table 2 of Narzary et al. lists pH 6.35–6.51 for a carp bekasam, so the two sources disagree. Narzary et al. add that Clostridium botulinum, Salmonella, Listeria and Staphylococcus aureus have been reported from many fermented fish products. This page records a practice, not a tested home recipe.