True redaction removes the text and images from the file — not a black box on top. Plus real in-place text editing, fill + sign, reorder pages, and OCR.
LaunchEdit text in place, sign, redact, fill forms, and reorganize PDF files in your browser — all on your device. No upload, no subscription.
Drop two versions of a contract or drawing set. Moved notes read as moves, changed values light up digit by digit, and hidden text is named.
LaunchSide-by-side or overlay PDF diff driven by one engine that reads each file into a structured model — text, vector geometry, images, form fields, annotations — and compares the models. Moves show as moves, edits show only where they happened, and any PDF type works without picking a mode.
Drop a Gerber ZIP, an ODB++ .tgz or an IPC-2581 .xml and inspect every layer — compare revisions, snap-to-pad measure, run DRC and preview the board in 3D.
LaunchOpen Gerber, Excellon, ODB++ and IPC-2581 PCB files. Inspect layers, measure traces, run DRC, export to PNG / SVG / DXF.
Open a .step / .stp part and it measures itself: volume, thinnest wall, draft and undercuts on load, and a hole list with a BOM in one click. Measure, section, export STL.
LaunchOpen a STEP / STP part and it measures itself — volume, thinnest wall, draft and undercut checks on load, plus hole detection with a BOM. Measure, section, export STL. Rust + WASM B-rep kernel, runs in your browser.
Compress, merge, split, convert, and manipulate PDF files.
Resize, compress, convert, and transform images.
Convert, compress, and cut audio and video — MP3, WAV, MP4, WebM, Opus — all in your browser, nothing uploads.
Simulate a canning process down to its F0 sterilizing value.
Encrypt files, share encrypted notes as links, and read passport IDs and Windows event logs.
Analyze packet captures, move files between devices, and console into network gear — nothing uploads.
Scan receipts into an expense ledger — your receipts and spending stay on your device.
View, measure, and repair CAD and 3D files — STEP, STL, OBJ, PLY, GLB, 3MF, DXF, and Gerber — right in your browser. Nothing uploads.
Alcoholic drinks from Russia
Braga is the old Russian peasant home beer, a grain drink from rye, barley, oats or millet, sometimes hopped and sometimes closer to kvass. In distilling, braga is also the fermented mash that goes into the still after a few days. A modern kvass-style braga ferments a rye-malt wort with hops, sugar and yeast for 3–4 days.
| Sugar6 kg | 1 kg of it is burnt to caramel for colour[azbyka-braga] |
| Dry kvass3.5 kg | [azbyka-braga] |
| Rye malt2.5 kg | [azbyka-braga] |
| Hops100 g | Boiled as a decoction[azbyka-braga] |
| Yeast20 g | [azbyka-braga] |
| Starter | yeast; the modern recipe adds yeast and a yeast starter |
Total time across the recorded steps: 6 days – 9 days
What changes: Hot water draws sugar and colour out of the rye malt and dry kvass
Output: rye-malt wort.
Microbes at work in this step
Not documented for this step.
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
Braga is the old Russian peasant home beer, a grain drink from rye, barley, oats or millet, sometimes hopped and sometimes closer to kvass. In distilling, braga is also the fermented mash that goes into the still after a few days. A modern kvass-style braga ferments a rye-malt wort with hops, sugar and yeast for 3–4 days. Made in 5 steps over 6 days – 9 days. The longest step, for distilling, ferment a mash and send it to the still, takes 3–5 days (Dal V.I. 1880).
| Main step | 3–5 daysReported[dal1880] | For distilling, ferment a mash and send it to the still |
|---|---|---|
| Temperature | 10–20 °CReported[azbyka-braga] | Add hops, sugar syrup and yeast, and ferment |
Braga is close to kvass but brewed to be drunk as beer, and the word also names the distiller's fermented mash. Plain braga was made on yeast alone without hops; hopped braga was nearer to beer.
No source we read tests braga itself. A 2011 analysis of 22 Russian alcohol products included seven homemade samogons from two cities; samogon is a spirit, not braga. They averaged about 32 % vol (26.2–46.7 %), and the authors say samogon's composition generally raised no major public health concern other than ethanol. Two of the seven had relatively high methanol, still below the EU limit for fruit spirits.
Every number is labelled with how it is known. How this atlas is made
Dal's dictionary (2nd ed., 1880) defines braga as household peasant beer, sometimes more like kvass, and also as the distiller's fermented mash. The Brockhaus and Efron small encyclopedia (1907) describes it as a beer-like peasant drink of rye flour with hops.
