True redaction removes the text and images from the file — not a black box on top. Plus real in-place text editing, fill + sign, reorder pages, and OCR.
LaunchEdit text in place, sign, redact, fill forms, and reorganize PDF files in your browser — all on your device. No upload, no subscription.
Drop two versions of a contract or drawing set. Moved notes read as moves, changed values light up digit by digit, and hidden text is named.
LaunchSide-by-side or overlay PDF diff driven by one engine that reads each file into a structured model — text, vector geometry, images, form fields, annotations — and compares the models. Moves show as moves, edits show only where they happened, and any PDF type works without picking a mode.
Drop a Gerber ZIP, an ODB++ .tgz or an IPC-2581 .xml and inspect every layer — compare revisions, snap-to-pad measure, run DRC and preview the board in 3D.
LaunchOpen Gerber, Excellon, ODB++ and IPC-2581 PCB files. Inspect layers, measure traces, run DRC, export to PNG / SVG / DXF.
Open a .step / .stp part and it measures itself: volume, thinnest wall, draft and undercuts on load, and a hole list with a BOM in one click. Measure, section, export STL.
LaunchOpen a STEP / STP part and it measures itself — volume, thinnest wall, draft and undercut checks on load, plus hole detection with a BOM. Measure, section, export STL. Rust + WASM B-rep kernel, runs in your browser.
Compress, merge, split, convert, and manipulate PDF files.
Resize, compress, convert, and transform images.
Convert, compress, and cut audio and video — MP3, WAV, MP4, WebM, Opus — all in your browser, nothing uploads.
Simulate a canning process down to its F0 sterilizing value.
Encrypt files, share encrypted notes as links, and read passport IDs and Windows event logs.
Analyze packet captures, move files between devices, and console into network gear — nothing uploads.
Scan receipts into an expense ledger — your receipts and spending stay on your device.
View, measure, and repair CAD and 3D files — STEP, STL, OBJ, PLY, GLB, 3MF, DXF, and Gerber — right in your browser. Nothing uploads.
Alcoholic drinks from Jerez–Sanlúcar–El Puerto triangle, Andalusia, Spain
Palomino must is fermented dry, lifted with grape spirit to about 15 % and put into oak butts that are not filled to the top. A film of flor yeast grows on the wine's surface, shields it from air and slowly changes its flavour, while the wine moves down a stack of casks (criaderas and solera) for at least two years on average.
| Palomino grape must | At least 10.5 degrees Baumé[pliego2026] |
| Wine alcohol for fortifying | Neutral alcohol of wine origin of at least 96 % vol, or wine or raisin alcohol of 95–96 % vol[pliego2026] |
Total time across the recorded steps: 2 years
What changes: Ripe Palomino grapes are pressed and the must runs off
Output: must.
Microbes at work in this step
Not documented for this step.
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
Palomino must is fermented dry, lifted with grape spirit to about 15 % and put into oak butts that are not filled to the top. A film of flor yeast grows on the wine's surface, shields it from air and slowly changes its flavour, while the wine moves down a stack of casks (criaderas and solera) for at least two years on average. Made in 5 steps over 2 years. The longest step, age in criaderas and solera, takes at least 2 years (Junta de Andalucía 2026). Saccharomyces cerevisiae flor strains, once classed as races beticus, cheresiensis, montuliensis and rouxii does most of the fermenting.
| Main step | at least 2 yearsSet[pliego2026] | Age in criaderas and solera |
|---|---|---|
| Temperature | 15–22 °CReported[garcia2025] | Rest in part-filled butts while flor forms (sobretablas) |
Fino ages only under flor, a living film of yeast on the wine. Amontillado starts under flor and finishes in contact with air, while oloroso ages only without flor. The tier system blends young wine into old, so a fino has an average age, not a vintage.
A fortified wine of 14–17 %. No safety limits specific to fino were found in the sources beyond the DOP's analytical limits.
Every number is labelled with how it is known. How this atlas is made
The DOP specification dates wine-growing around Jerez to Phoenician times and cites ordinances of the Jerez wine guild from the 16th century. Local wine was a frequent cargo on ships to the Americas and northern Europe, and fortifying it ("abrigado") to stop it spoiling on long voyages is said to have favoured the flor yeasts through natural selection. The criaderas and solera system goes back to the 18th century, and Spain's first denomination-of-origin regulation was published in January 1935.
