True redaction removes the text and images from the file — not a black box on top. Plus real in-place text editing, fill + sign, reorder pages, and OCR.
LaunchEdit text in place, sign, redact, fill forms, and reorganize PDF files in your browser — all on your device. No upload, no subscription.
Drop two versions of a contract or drawing set. Moved notes read as moves, changed values light up digit by digit, and hidden text is named.
LaunchSide-by-side or overlay PDF diff driven by one engine that reads each file into a structured model — text, vector geometry, images, form fields, annotations — and compares the models. Moves show as moves, edits show only where they happened, and any PDF type works without picking a mode.
Drop a Gerber ZIP, an ODB++ .tgz or an IPC-2581 .xml and inspect every layer — compare revisions, snap-to-pad measure, run DRC and preview the board in 3D.
LaunchOpen Gerber, Excellon, ODB++ and IPC-2581 PCB files. Inspect layers, measure traces, run DRC, export to PNG / SVG / DXF.
Open a .step / .stp part and it measures itself: volume, thinnest wall, draft and undercuts on load, and a hole list with a BOM in one click. Measure, section, export STL.
LaunchOpen a STEP / STP part and it measures itself — volume, thinnest wall, draft and undercut checks on load, plus hole detection with a BOM. Measure, section, export STL. Rust + WASM B-rep kernel, runs in your browser.
Compress, merge, split, convert, and manipulate PDF files.
Resize, compress, convert, and transform images.
Convert, compress, and cut audio and video — MP3, WAV, MP4, WebM, Opus — all in your browser, nothing uploads.
Simulate a canning process down to its F0 sterilizing value.
Encrypt files, share encrypted notes as links, and read passport IDs and Windows event logs.
Analyze packet captures, move files between devices, and console into network gear — nothing uploads.
Scan receipts into an expense ledger — your receipts and spending stay on your device.
View, measure, and repair CAD and 3D files — STEP, STL, OBJ, PLY, GLB, 3MF, DXF, and Gerber — right in your browser. Nothing uploads.
Cereals and bread from Nepal, Darjeeling and Sikkim
Soaked rice is ground into flour and beaten into a sweet batter with sugar, ghee and water. The batter rests while lactic bacteria and yeasts work in it, then it is poured in rings into very hot oil and fried for about half a minute. The result is a puffed, spongy, golden-brown ring.
| Rice flour100 parts | From rice soaked 4 hours before milling[thapamagar2021] |
| Sugar25 parts | [thapamagar2021] |
| Ghee12.5 parts | Cream or butter are also used[thapamagar2021] |
| Water30 parts | [thapamagar2021] |
| Soybean oil or ghee | For deep frying[thapamagar2021] |
Total time across the recorded steps: 5.3 h – 13 h
What changes: Rice soaks in water and softens
Output: soaked rice.
Microbes at work in this step
Not documented for this step.
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
Soaked rice is ground into flour and beaten into a sweet batter with sugar, ghee and water. The batter rests while lactic bacteria and yeasts work in it, then it is poured in rings into very hot oil and fried for about half a minute. The result is a puffed, spongy, golden-brown ring. Made in 5 steps over 5.3 h – 13 h. The longest step, rest the batter, takes 1–9 h (Thapa Magar B 2021) and runs at 30 °C (Dahal S. and Katawal S.B. 2014). Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus curvatus do most of the fermenting.
| Main step | 1–9 hReported[thapamagar2021][khapudang2018][dahal2014] | Rest the batter |
|---|---|---|
| Temperature | 30 °CReported[dahal2014] | Rest the batter |
Sel roti is a sweet rice batter fried in rings in hot oil. In the tested recipe the batter stood 60 minutes before frying.
In a batter-ageing study the batter held lactic bacteria, yeasts and moulds together; mould counts fell during ageing at 30, 40 and 50 °C. Frying finishes the batter in about 33 seconds in oil at 205–215 °C. Sel roti is praised for a storage life of about two weeks at room temperature (Thapa Magar et al. 2021, citing Yonzan and Tamang).
Hazards the sources name: Moulds in the batter (their count fell during ageing at 30, 40 and 50 °C in one study).
Every number is labelled with how it is known. How this atlas is made
Sel roti has long been a prasada (offering) in Hindu rituals and festivals, and ancient Hindu texts such as the Puran and the Swasthani Bratakatha mention it, according to Thapa Magar et al. (2021). It is served at weddings, pujas and festivals such as Dasai, Tihar and Maghe Sankranti. Eaten by Nepali communities in Nepal, India and Bhutan, it has become a popular snack across Nepal, where it is also made without fermenting.
