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Whole cow milk is renneted at 31–35 °C with Penicillium roqueforti, cut, stirred and moulded without pressing so gaps stay between the grains. The wheels are dry-salted, pierced with needles and ripened at least 12 days in natural limestone caves cooled by fleurine air vents. They are then wrapped and matured cold until at least day 70.
No fixed amounts recordedThe rules fix times and temperatures but no amounts. One cheese is a flat cylinder 19–21 cm across, 8–12 cm high and 2.2–3.3 kg.
Whole cow milk
Raw or heat-treated; not standardised or homogenised; kept on the farm at most 48 hours[bdc-cdc-2017]
Penicillium roqueforti, with other cultures of bacteria, yeasts and moulds allowed
Total time across the recorded steps: 14 days – 16 days
Start
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What changes:Rennet and blue mould spores go into whole milk at 31–35 °C
Step 1 of 7
Rennet the milk
Time
Not documented
Temperature
31–35 °C
Set
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Penicillium roqueforti
Moulds
Output: curd.
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented
Microbes at work in this step
Not documented for this step.
Method
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
At a glance
Whole cow milk is renneted at 31–35 °C with Penicillium roqueforti, cut, stirred and moulded without pressing so gaps stay between the grains. The wheels are dry-salted, pierced with needles and ripened at least 12 days in natural limestone caves cooled by fleurine air vents. They are then wrapped and matured cold until at least day 70. Made in 7 steps over 14 days – 16 days. The longest step, ripen in fleurine caves, takes at least 12 days (Ministère de l'agriculture 2018). Penicillium roqueforti does most of the fermenting.
Bleu des Causses is a cow-milk blue that grew up beside Roquefort after the 1925 law. It ripens in natural limestone caves with fleurine air vents on the Causses plateaus and is made from whole cow milk, which may be heat-treated. The specification bans brining, so the salt is applied dry.
Milk
Whole cow milk, raw or heat-treated; at least 120 days of grazing a year
Ripening
Sold under the name from the 70th day after renneting; the wrapped cheeses leave the cold room no earlier than day 70 and no later than day 190
Composition
At least 50 g fat per 100 g dry matter; at least 53 g dry matter per 100 g cheese
Size
Flat cylinder 19–21 cm across, 8–12 cm high, 2.2–3.3 kg
Raw or heat-treated milk. The rules ban freezing the milk, curd or fresh cheese and require at least 70 days before sale, with cold maturation at −4 to +4 °C.
A 1925 law kept non-sheep cheeses out of Roquefort, which pushed local makers to build a cow-milk blue. First called Bleu de l'Aveyron and defined by decree in 1945, it became the appellation Bleu des Causses by decree on 21 May 1979.