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Alcoholic drinks from Nepal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh
Rice or millet is cooked, mixed with murcha starter and fermented for one to several weeks into a jaanr mash, which is then distilled in a stack of three pots. The cold water in the top pot is changed several times, and each change gives one draw (pani) of clear spirit of roughly 20–40 % alcohol.
| Rice, washed and cooked3 kg | Lab version of the Rolpa method[subedi2024] |
| Murcha (manapu), powdered20 g | For the 3 kg of rice[subedi2024] |
| Jaggery and murcha (mana), added for a second ferment1.25 kg and 200 g | Rolpa practice; not used everywhere[subedi2024] |
| Starter | koji/qu/mold-starter (murcha, through the fermented jaanr) |
Total time across the recorded steps: 7 days – 25 days
What changes: Washed rice is cooked until soft
In the lab version of the Rolpa method, 3 kg of rice is washed and cooked. Output: cooked grain.
Microbes at work in this step
Not documented for this step.
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
Rice or millet is cooked, mixed with murcha starter and fermented for one to several weeks into a jaanr mash, which is then distilled in a stack of three pots. The cold water in the top pot is changed several times, and each change gives one draw (pani) of clear spirit of roughly 20–40 % alcohol. Made in 4 steps over 7 days – 25 days. The longest step, ferment into jaanr, takes 7–25 days (Shrivastava K 2012). The jaanr's yeasts does most of the fermenting.
| Main step | 7–25 daysReported[shri2012][subedi2024] | Ferment into jaanr |
|---|
Raksi is distilled; the jaanr it comes from is drunk as a mild beer. Its still is a local three-pot stack, and the strength is set by how many changes of cooling water the maker collects.
Distilling concentrates both alcohol and other volatile compounds. In the Rolpa lab method the first 20 ml of each run was thrown away to reduce unwanted compounds; methods differ by maker.
Every number is labelled with how it is known. How this atlas is made
In a 2024 survey of 15 home producers and traders in Rolpa, Nepal, 10 were women, and sellers were satisfied with strong local demand.
