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Cheese from Lancashire, England

Lancashire (Beacon Fell PDO)Beacon Fell Traditional Lancashire Cheese

Cow milk is set with starter and rennet, and the curd is broken and drained on tables until it is acid enough. Some curd is held for one or two days, then mixed with fresh curd, milled, salted at about 2.5 % and lightly pressed. The cheese is matured at least 3–4 weeks and sold mild (creamy) or mature (tasty).

Fully documentedCheese22 days – 23 daysPDO (registered in the EU in 1996 as Beacon Fell traditional Lancashire cheese; now a UK PDO)Family: Cheddared cheese family (Cheddar as template)

Recipe

Amounts from a sourceThe specification gives the salt rate but no batch size. Cheese is made in traditional cylinders or blocks of varying sizes, bandaged, waxed, buttered or vacuum packed.
Full-fat cow milkCollected daily from farms in the designated area[lancashire-spec-2023]
Starter culture and rennet[lancashire-spec-2023]
SaltAbout 2.5 % of curd weightMixed into the milled curd[lancashire-spec-2023]
Starterstarter culture

Total time across the recorded steps: 22 days – 23 days

Start
Drag the bar or press Play
28–31 °C

What changes: Starter and rennet go into warm milk and it sets in about an hour

Step 1 of 7
Add starter and rennet
Time
1 h
Reported
Temperature
28–31 °C
Reported
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented

Output: set curd.

Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented

Microbes at work in this step

Not documented for this step.

Method

Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source

At a glance

Cow milk is set with starter and rennet, and the curd is broken and drained on tables until it is acid enough. Some curd is held for one or two days, then mixed with fresh curd, milled, salted at about 2.5 % and lightly pressed. The cheese is matured at least 3–4 weeks and sold mild (creamy) or mature (tasty). Made in 7 steps over 22 days – 23 days. The longest step, mature, takes at least 21 days (Defra 2023) and runs at 16 °C (Sanders G.P. 1953). Salt is 2.5 % (Defra 2023).

Key numbers
Main stepat least 21 daysSet[lancashire-spec-2023]Mature
Temperature16 °CReported[usda-hb54]Mature
Salt2.5 %Set[lancashire-spec-2023]Blend, mill and salt

What makes this one different

Lancashire mixes curds of different ages. Curd held one or two days is blended with the day's curd at milling, and the specification calls the correct blending of the curd crucial to the flavour and texture.

Milk
Full-fat cow milk from Lancashire
Ripening
At least 3–4 weeks; sold from 1 month; fully mature at about 6 months
Composition
At least 48 % fat in dry matter; at most 48 % moisture

Related ferments

Variants

  • Creamy LancashireSold young, from about one month; mild, clean and mellow.
  • Tasty LancashireMatured longer; fully mature at about six months; sharp and tangy.

Safety

The specification says the milk is tested by the dairy laboratory and kept in bulk silos, and that some curd is held for 24 to 48 hours at ambient temperature before it is milled.

History and sources

Every number is labelled with how it is known. How this atlas is made

Preston received its first royal charter for fairs in 1179, where north Lancashire farm cheese was sold. In the late 1800s Joseph Gornall of Garstang toured farms for the county council to teach one method; it was followed in the 1956 Ministry handbook. Before the Second World War over 200 farms made it; by 1948 only 22 did. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1107/96 of 12 June 1996 registered "Beacon Fell traditional Lancashire cheese" as a PDO.

Microbes
No study we found names its microbes.
  1. [lancashire-spec-2023] Defra 2023, Beacon Fell Traditional Lancashire Cheese PDO, revised product specification (non-minor amendment)spec
  2. [usda-hb54] Sanders G.P. 1953, Cheese varieties and descriptions, USDA Agriculture Handbook 54 (Lancashire)archive
  3. [eu1107-1996] Commission Regulation (EC) No 1107/96 of 12 June 1996 on the registration of geographical indications and designations of origin under the procedure laid down in Article 17 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2081/92, Official Journal L 148, 21.6.1996, Annex (cheeses, United Kingdom)spec