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Nor-mai-dorng is thin-sliced bamboo shoot packed tight in an earthen jar under brine and left in the shade until sour, about a month, or about a week when rice-wash water is used. Thailand's community product standard requires the finished pickle to be pH 4.0 or below. It is cooked in soups or fried with meat.
Fully documentedVegetables7 days – 30 days
Recipe
Amounts from a sourceSmall-scale industry method from the JIRCAS Thai fermented-food card, with salt as a share of the shoot weight. The community standard sets limits for the product, not a recipe.
Bamboo shoots, woody parts trimmed
Pai-paa, pai-see-sook, pai-dtong or pai-ruak shoots[jircas]
SaltAbout 10 % of the sliced shoot weight
Dissolved in water or rice-wash water; some makers add dry salt only[jircas]
Water or rice-wash water (nam-sao-kaao)Enough to cover
Total time across the recorded steps: 7 days – 30 days
Start
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What changes:Bamboo shoots are trimmed and cut into thin slices
Step 1 of 4
Trim and slice the shoots
Time
Not documented
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Lactobacillus plantarum
Lactobacillus
Levilactobacillus brevis
Pediococcus acidilactici
Lactic acid bacteria
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented
Microbes at work in this step
Not documented for this step.
Method
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
At a glance
Nor-mai-dorng is thin-sliced bamboo shoot packed tight in an earthen jar under brine and left in the shade until sour, about a month, or about a week when rice-wash water is used. Thailand's community product standard requires the finished pickle to be pH 4.0 or below. It is cooked in soups or fried with meat. Made in 4 steps over 7 days – 30 days. The longest step, close the jar and ferment in the shade, takes 7–30 days (JIRCAS 1995). Salt is 10 % (JIRCAS 1995). Lactobacillus plantarum and other Lactobacillus species and Levilactobacillus brevis, Pediococcus acidilactici, P. pentosaceus, Lactococcus lactis and Limosilactobacillus fermentum, among xylooligosaccharide-fermenting strains isolated from 24 northern Thai Naw Mai Dong samples do most of the fermenting.
Thailand's community standard for pickled bamboo shoots requires pH 4.0 or below, and limits Staphylococcus aureus to under 200 per gram, E. coli to under 50 per gram (MPN) and yeasts and moulds to no more than 500 per gram. The brine must show no white film or foam arising from the pickling. Fresh bamboo shoots hold cyanogenic glycosides, which release hydrogen cyanide. Food Standards Australia New Zealand says bamboo shoots must be fully cooked and the cooking water thrown away. We found no measure of how much of this the pickle removes, so the cautious choice is to boil it before eating, though no source tests that on the pickle. The sealed jar also depends on acid to hold back Clostridium botulinum, which causes botulism. At the least, discard a ferment that does not reach below pH 4.6, the limit used for vegetable ferments; the related northern product can end as high as pH 5.5.
Hazards the sources name: Bacillus cereus; Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (the standard sets limits for both).
Kanpiengjai and colleagues (2022) describe naw mai dong, the northern Thai bamboo-shoot pickle, as popular in upper northern Thailand. They say the annual mass production period is the early rainy season (May to July), when bamboo shoots are generally abundant. The shoots are collected from the edges of rice fields, around people's homes, in the woods and up on hills [kanpiengjai2022].
Starter
The sources we found do not say how its fermentation begins.