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Salted zu pickles of turnip, cabbage, mallow and mustard (蕪菁、菘、葵、蜀芥鹹菹法)鹹菹
A 6th-century recipe from the Qimin Yaoshu for salted greens. Bundles of turnip, Chinese cabbage, mallow or Shu mustard are washed in very salty brine, never fresh water, and packed under the settled brine. Turnip and mustard are taken out after three days and layered again with wheat huangyi powder and hot millet-gruel water, which turns them yellow and tasty.
Fully documentedVegetables3 days
Recipe
No fixed amounts recordedThe recipe gives no amounts for the main method. One jar is filled to the top.
Good greens, tied in bundles with sedge or cattail
What changes:Starting material: good turnip, cabbage, mallow or mustard greens, tied in bundles
Step 1 of 4
Pick and bundle the greens
Time
Not documented
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Weissella
Output: bundles of greens tied with sedge or cattail.
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented
Microbes at work in this step
Not documented for this step.
Method
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
At a glance
A 6th-century recipe from the Qimin Yaoshu for salted greens. Bundles of turnip, Chinese cabbage, mallow or Shu mustard are washed in very salty brine, never fresh water, and packed under the settled brine. Turnip and mustard are taken out after three days and layered again with wheat huangyi powder and hot millet-gruel water, which turns them yellow and tasty. Made in 4 steps over 3 days. The longest step, re-layer turnip and mustard with huangyi powder and hot gruel water, takes 3 days (Jia Sixie 2026). Weissella, the dominant bacterial genus after day 0 in all three household samples of a related modern Chinese salted-cabbage ferment, northeast suan cai does most of the fermenting.
Unlike the quick boiled-and-vinegared zu of the same chapter, these greens are kept in brine, and turnip and mustard are layered a second time with gruel and huangyi.
Unsalted zu (淡菹)Proso gruel water and wheat huangyi powder only, no salt; said to taste even better.
Uncut zu (䖆菹)Dried turnip greens in the 1st month, softened in hot water, blanched, dipped in salt water and left overnight on a mat; layered with gruel and huangyi; the jar is mud-sealed and wrapped in straw like wine, and is ripe in 7 days.
Shijing (食經) mallow zu5 hu dry mallow, 2 dou salt, 5 dou water and 4 dou dry cooked barley, in layers; yellow and done in 7 days.
Salted cabbage zu (菘鹹菹)4 dou water to 3 sheng salt; or cabbage layered with women's qu (女麴).
Sour zu (作酢菹法)In a 3-dan jar, juice of 1 dou pounded rice and gruel from its dregs are poured over the greens; next day they are layered with green artemisia and Allium bulbs and doused with water just off the boil.
Mallow zu on glutinous millet riceMallow picked after ten hard frosts and covered with cooled glutinous millet rice, with boiled wheat for colour; made in the 9th month, or the 10th in a warm year (Cui Shi).
Safety
The text says the greens must be washed first in the very salty brine, because washing them in fresh water makes the pickle rot, and that the brine is settled and only the clear part used. It gives no pH, temperature or salt limit, and no modern safety test of the recipe was found.