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Cheese from France, Drôme and Ardèche, with the cantons of Valréas
Picodon PDOPicodon
Whole raw goat milk gets a little rennet at 20–25 °C and sets mainly by lactic souring over 16–36 hours. The curd is ladled into small moulds, dry-salted, dried for a day and ripened at least 12 days from renneting. A washed form, "affiné méthode Dieulefit", is confined cold until it turns blue, then washed and ripened for at least 30 days.
No fixed amounts recordedThe rules fix temperatures, times and mould sizes but no amounts. One finished cheese is a small disc 5–7 cm across weighing at least 60 g (washed types at least 45 g).
Raw whole goat milk
From Alpine, Saanen, Massif-Central, Provençale or Rove goats or their crosses[picodon-cdc-2017]
lactic starter or whey from the previous curd (optional)
Total time across the recorded steps: 35 days – 36 days
Start
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What changes:A small dose of rennet goes into raw goat milk at 20–25 °C
Step 1 of 6
Rennet the milk
Time
up to 18 h
Set
Temperature
20–25 °C
Set
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Lactic acid bacteria
Moulds
Output: lightly renneted milk.
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented
Microbes at work in this step
Not documented for this step.
Method
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
At a glance
Whole raw goat milk gets a little rennet at 20–25 °C and sets mainly by lactic souring over 16–36 hours. The curd is ladled into small moulds, dry-salted, dried for a day and ripened at least 12 days from renneting. A washed form, "affiné méthode Dieulefit", is confined cold until it turns blue, then washed and ripened for at least 30 days. Made in 6 steps over 35 days – 36 days. The longest step, confine and wash (méthode Dieulefit), takes at least 23 days (Ministère de l'agriculture 2017) and runs at 5–10 °C (Ministère de l'agriculture 2017). Lactic bacteria of the lactic starter or earlier whey, when these are added does most of the fermenting.
Picodon is a small lactic goat disc like Pélardon and Rocamadour. It sets over 16–36 hours, against 18–48 hours for Selles-sur-Cher. It is dried for a day before ripening, and it has a washed form (méthode Dieulefit) that is first confined cold until it blues, then washed at least twice.
Milk
Raw whole goat milk, not standardised or homogenised; fodder and raw cereals from the area
Ripening
At least 12 days from renneting; washed types at least 30 days
Composition
At least 45 g fat per 100 g dry matter; at least 40 g dry matter per 100 g cheese
Size
5–7 cm across, 1.8–2.5 cm high, at least 60 g; washed types 4.5–6 cm, at least 45 g
Picodon affiné méthode DieulefitDried naturally, confined at 5–10 °C until blue, then ripened for more than 8 days at 13–17 °C in saturated air with at least two washes; sold after 30 days.
Picodon affiné lavéSame confinement and washing without the Dieulefit drying rule; sold after 30 days.
Safety
Made only from raw milk, set to pH 4–4.5. The rules ban freezing the milk, curd or fresh cheese and require at least 12 days of ripening (30 days for washed types). ANSES advises pregnant women, people with weak immune systems, people over 65 and young children to avoid raw-milk cheeses, except pressed cooked cheeses such as gruyère and comté.
Olivier de Serres described goats in the Bas Vivarais around 1600, and in 1866 the Drôme and Ardèche ranked first and third for goats in France. The specification says surplus cheeses were kept through the winter in clay jars and washed every fifteen days, which it sees as a variant of the washed methods. The AOC dates from 25 July 1983.