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Soy and legumes from China

Meitauza (mould-grown okara cake)霉豆渣

Meitauza is okara, the pulp left from soy milk and tofu, pressed into cakes and left until a white mould covers them. The 1937 description from Wuchang shapes round cakes, keeps them in a room with some air for 10–15 days and dries them in the sun for a few hours. The cakes are fried or cooked with vegetables.

Fully documentedSoy and legumes16 days – 23 days

Recipe

No fixed amounts recordedTraditional practice with no fixed amounts. The 1937 description gives only the cake size.
Okara (fresh soybean residue)About 84 % water when fresh, so it spoils within hours unless it is fermented[faisal2026]
Vegetable oil, or vegetables and spicesUsed to cook the finished cakes; the 1937 account says they are fried in vegetable oil or cooked with vegetables and various spices[shih1937]
Starterspontaneous; modern trials use Mucor racemosus or Actinomucor elegans isolated from traditional meitauza

Total time across the recorded steps: 16 days – 23 days

Start
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What changes: Wet okara is pressed into round cakes, thick in the middle and thin at the edge

Step 1 of 4
Shape the okara into round cakes
Time
Not documented
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Moulds
Mucor
Mucor meitauza
Mucor racemosus

The 1937 account says the cakes were made preferably in winter. Fresh okara is about 84 % water and pH 6.8 (Faisal 2026). Output: okara cakes.

Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented

Microbes at work in this step

Not documented for this step.

Method

Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source

At a glance

Meitauza is okara, the pulp left from soy milk and tofu, pressed into cakes and left until a white mould covers them. The 1937 description from Wuchang shapes round cakes, keeps them in a room with some air for 10–15 days and dries them in the sun for a few hours. The cakes are fried or cooked with vegetables. Made in 4 steps over 16 days – 23 days. The longest step, let white mould cover the cakes, takes 10–15 days (Shurtleff W 1937) and runs at 14–29 °C (Faisal M 2026). White Mucor-type mould, named Mucor meitauza by Shih in 1937 and Mucor racemosus and Actinomucor elegans, isolated from commercial traditional meitauza do most of the fermenting.

Key numbers
Main step10–15 daysReported[sic-specialty]Let white mould cover the cakes
Temperature14–29 °CReported[faisal2026]Let white mould cover the cakes
AciditypH 7.5 → 7.35Measured[faisal2026]Press and ripen the mouldy okara (modern method)

What makes this one different

Unlike tempe gembus, which Rhizopus binds in a day or two under banana leaves, meitauza is shaped first and covered by a slower white Mucor-type mould over one to two weeks, then dried.

Related ferments

Variants

  • Inoculated meitauzaPure starters (Mucor racemosus, Actinomucor elegans, Bacillus subtilis, or Mucor then Bacillus) on sterilised okara, then pressed and ripened at 20 °C (Faisal 2026).

Safety

Fresh okara spoils within 6–8 h at room temperature because it is so wet (Faisal 2026), so it must be shaped and fermented at once. Shih (1937) says the cakes are best made in winter, because in higher temperatures bacteria grow instead of the wanted mould and spoil the product.

History and sources

Every number is labelled with how it is known. How this atlas is made

Shih Youkuang (1937) wrote that in Wuchang, Hankow and Hanyang the soy waste was eaten after a natural fermentation, while elsewhere it was mostly pig feed. Y.K. Shih described meitauza from Wuchang in 1937 and named the mould Mucor meitauza (Shurtleff and Aoyagi). A 2026 study bought traditional meitauza from a maker in Chongyang, Xianning, Hubei, as its benchmark.

  1. [sic-specialty] Shurtleff W., Aoyagi A., History of Specialty Fermented Soyfoods (SoyInfo Center), meitauza section summarising Shih 1937book
  2. [faisal2026] Faisal M., Cai Z., Zhao G., Liu J., Chen F., Wang B., Pang C., Guo Y., Luo H., Song H. 2026, Inoculation fermentation improves the nutritional quality and flavor profile of Chinese traditional fermented okara (Meitauza), Frontiers in Microbiology 17:1846638paper
  3. [shih1937] Shih Y.K. (施有光) 1937, Untersuchungen über eine neue Mucor-Art auf Meitauza aus China, Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society 15(1):13–22 (in German; Hokkaido University repository)paper