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Vegetables from Kakunodate, Senboku, and southern Akita, Japan

Kakizuke (daikon pickled with astringent persimmon)柿漬け

Kakizuke is a winter pickle of daikon and crushed astringent persimmon. The daikon is salted in a barrel under a stone for about 9 days, then layered with persimmons crushed with sugar, covered with its own brine and weighted for about a month. The persimmon sweetens the crisp daikon.

Fully documentedVegetables39 days

Recipe

Amounts from a sourceThe MAFF recipe from Akita's rural women's study groups (Akita gōmi fudoki), in an amount "easy to make". The MAFF text says a large amount of persimmon, not less than the daikon, is the secret of the taste.
Daikon40 kg[maff-kakizuke]
Salt1.5 kgRubbed into the daikon for the first salting[maff-kakizuke]
Sugar2 kgMixed into the crushed persimmon[maff-kakizuke]
Astringent persimmons, such as Kumoshikari22 kgCalyx removed; crushed with a mallet, skin and all[maff-kakizuke]

Total time across the recorded steps: 39 days

Start
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Close-up: salt moving into a pieceSalt 3.8 %

What changes: Salt is rubbed into the daikon and the roots are packed into a barrel

Step 1 of 5
Rub salt into the daikon and pack it in a barrel
Time
Not documented
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
3.8 %
Reported
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
L. mesenteroides
Lactobacillus curvatus
L. sakei
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented

Microbes at work in this step

Not documented for this step.

Method

Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source

At a glance

Kakizuke is a winter pickle of daikon and crushed astringent persimmon. The daikon is salted in a barrel under a stone for about 9 days, then layered with persimmons crushed with sugar, covered with its own brine and weighted for about a month. The persimmon sweetens the crisp daikon. Made in 5 steps over 39 days. The longest step, layer daikon and persimmon, pour the brine back and weight, takes 30 days (Ministry of Agriculture 2026). Salt is 3.8 % (Ministry of Agriculture 2026). Leuconostoc mesenteroides, then Lactobacillus curvatus and L. sakei, in daikon ippon-zuke does most of the fermenting.

Key numbers
Main step30 daysReported[maff-kakizuke]Layer daikon and persimmon, pour the brine back and weight
Salt3.8 %Reported[maff-kakizuke]Rub salt into the daikon and pack it in a barrel

What makes this one different

Kakizuke layers salted daikon with crushed astringent persimmon and sugar. The MAFF recipe uses 22 kg of persimmon to 40 kg of daikon.

Related ferments

Variants

  • Hatahata kakizukeSandfish pickled with persimmon tannin (kakishibu), seen in Senboku City in the prefecture's survey.

Safety

The MAFF recipe keeps the brine from the first salting, pours it back over the layers and sets a weight on top. Japan's health ministry defines a pickle that keeps for 7 days or more at room temperature as one with salt at 4 % or more, or pH 4.0 or lower, or salt at 3 % to under 4 % with pH 4.6 or lower [mhlw2013]. This is a general rule for Japanese pickles; the sources read give no final salt or pH value for kakizuke.

History and sources

Every number is labelled with how it is known. How this atlas is made

Kumoshikari persimmons grow in house gardens in Kakunodate. From the late Taishō period other sweet persimmons took over for eating fresh, and Kumoshikari was kept for drying and pickling. Making kakizuke once the autumn rice work was done was a custom. In Daisen (Nakasen), the rabbit hot pot called hinomaru-nabe always had a takana and hakusai pickle, and sometimes also takuan or nama-zuke (daikon kakizuke), according to the prefecture's survey. A local group formed in 2012 keeps the dish going.

Starter
The sources we found do not say how its fermentation begins.
  1. [maff-kakizuke] Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), Uchi no kyōdo ryōri (Our regional cuisines), 柿漬け (Akita); recipe from Akita gōmi fudoki (Akita rural women's study groups), read 2026-10gov
  2. [akita-kyodoshoku] Akita Prefecture, survey of local foods, chapter 3 特色ある郷土食 (distinctive local foods), Daisen Nakasen pickles (なま漬け, 大根の柿漬け) and the hatahata kakizuke of Senbokugov
  3. [tamakawa2017] Tamakawa H. 2017, 大根塩漬けからの乳酸菌単離とスターターとしての検討 (Isolation of lactic acid bacteria from pickled daikon and their use as starters), Iwate Industrial Technology Center Research Report 20paper
  4. [mhlw2013] Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW), Food Safety Department, notice 食安監発1213第2号 of 13 Dec 2013, 漬物の衛生規範の改正等について (revision of the hygiene code for pickles)gov