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Gowé is a sour-sweet paste of malted and unmalted cereal, usually red sorghum, from Benin. Wetted malt flour ferments first, so its enzymes turn starch to sugar; then part-cooked raw flour and hot water are mixed in and the mash ferments again for about a day. It is cooked, wrapped in leaves and diluted with water to drink.
Fully documentedCereals and bread36 h
Recipe
Amounts from a sourceProportions are the laboratory version of the traditional process in Vieira-Dalodé et al. 2015; households do not use fixed amounts.
Part used raw and part pasted (cooked) at 70–80 °C[vieira2015]
Water
To wet the malt to 47% water, then hot water (50–60 °C) to bring the mash to 77% water[vieira2015]
No starter
Traditional gowé ferments spontaneously, without inoculation[vieira2015]
Starter
spontaneous
Total time across the recorded steps: 36 h
Start
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What changes:Part of the sorghum is sprouted, dried and milled into malt flour
Step 1 of 5
Malt part of the sorghum and mill it
Time
Not documented
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Lactic acid bacteria
Yeasts
Output: malted sorghum flour.
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
Not documented
Colour
Not documented
Microbes at work in this step
Not documented for this step.
Method
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
At a glance
Gowé is a sour-sweet paste of malted and unmalted cereal, usually red sorghum, from Benin. Wetted malt flour ferments first, so its enzymes turn starch to sugar; then part-cooked raw flour and hot water are mixed in and the mash ferments again for about a day. It is cooked, wrapped in leaves and diluted with water to drink. Made in 5 steps over 36 h. The longest step, ferment the mash, takes 24 h (Vieira-Dalodé G 2015). Lactic bacteria: Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Weissella confusa and Pediococcus acidilactici dominant; also L. mucosae, P. pentosaceus and W. kimchii and Yeasts: Kluyveromyces marxianus, Pichia anomala and Candida krusei dominant; also C. tropicalis do most of the fermenting.
Accelerated-saccharification gowéAn experimental process holds the malt mash at 40 °C for 2 h instead of fermenting it for 12 h; it can be seeded with lactic bacteria and yeasts from natural gowé.
Safety
Gowé is cooked after fermentation and keeps only 3–4 days (Vieira-Dalodé et al. 2015). It is a wet paste wrapped in leaves.
Gowé is a traditional Beninese food. It was first popular in the centre of Benin, and by 2015 its consumption had spread to other regions, mainly the main cities (Adinsi et al. 2015).