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Dikouanyouri is a sauce flavouring of the Otamari of north-west Benin, made from whole baobab seeds whose hard coats cannot be removed. The seeds are boiled soft for hours, left in a pot for about three days, pounded with a little potash and fermented one more night, then sun-dried. Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria do the work, and the finished paste is near neutral, at pH 6.5.
Fully documentedOther8.2 days – 10 days
Recipe
Amounts from a sourceVillage proportions recorded from three local processors in north-west Benin; there is no fixed recipe beyond the water and potash ratios.
Water for cookingAbout 12 volumes per volume of seeds
The water left after cooking is thrown away[Chadare2010]
Liquid potashAbout 0.25 L per kg of cooked seeds
Added to the pounded seeds before the second fermentation[Chadare2010]
Starter
The thesis presumes the lactic acid bacteria come from the vessels, utensils and other contamination after cooking
Total time across the recorded steps: 8.2 days – 10 days
Start
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What changes:Whole baobab seeds boil for hours until the hard coats soften
Step 1 of 5
Boil the whole seeds soft
Time
5–8 h
Reported
Temperature
Not documented
Salt
None given
Acidity
Not documented
Which microbes the steps name, step by step
Bacillus
Lactic acid bacteria
Bacillus spp.
The long boiling uses a lot of firewood; it is needed because the coats stay on. Output: cooked whole seeds, drained.
Flavour
Not documented
Texture
seed coats soften
Colour
Not documented
Microbes at work in this step
Bacillus may survive the cooking, which could explain why it dominates the ferment
Method
Measured measured in a studySet fixed by a specification or tested recipeReported one source reports itTypical a general value, not sourced for this fermentUnconfirmed not yet checked against a source
At a glance
Dikouanyouri is a sauce flavouring of the Otamari of north-west Benin, made from whole baobab seeds whose hard coats cannot be removed. The seeds are boiled soft for hours, left in a pot for about three days, pounded with a little potash and fermented one more night, then sun-dried. Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria do the work, and the finished paste is near neutral, at pH 6.5. Made in 5 steps over 8.2 days – 10 days. The longest step, sun-dry and store, takes 5–7 days (Chadare F.J. 2010). Bacillus spp. and Lactic acid bacteria do most of the fermenting.
Dikouanyouri is made from whole baobab seeds with the coat on, so it needs hours of boiling and potash. Tayohounta, from the same villages, uses dehulled, roasted kernels and ferments for two days with no potash.
Village production is not hygienically controlled, and fresh dikouanyouri is moist enough to spoil quickly, which is why it is sun-dried [Chadare2010]. Liquid potash is water filtered through the ash of burnt baobab parts [Chadare2010]. The sources do not test it, but ash lye can be strongly caustic. A Nigerian study of sorghum-ash lye for dawadawan botso, a different alkaline condiment, measured pH 13.6–13.7 [ibrahim2014]. Strong lye can burn skin and eyes, and the throat and stomach if swallowed [medlineplus-lye], so raw potash solution is not tasted or splashed.
Chadare and colleagues documented it among 35 baobab foods of Benin. It is the least often eaten of the three fermented baobab foods of the Otamari, mostly when seeds are plentiful [Chadare2010].